Template:Isda Preamble summ: Difference between revisions

 
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{{drop|A| preamble is}} he [[legal eagle]]’s opportunity to set a scene, a juridical version of “[[once upon a time]]”: an integrated passage that may or may not start with “[[whereas]]”, “[[background]]” or something like that and is meant to prime you for the meat of [[contract]].  
{{drop|A| preamble is}} he [[legal eagle]]’s opportunity to set a scene, a juridical version of “[[once upon a time]]”: an integrated passage that may or may not start with “[[whereas]]”, “[[background]]” or something like that and is meant to prime you for the meat of [[contract]].  


The {{isdama}} is in need of a scene-setter: everyone, once, stares at that gnomic title and thinks, “okay, what on earth is ''this'' all about?”
The {{isdama}} needs just such a scene-setter: everyone, once, stares at that gnomic title and thinks, “okay, what on earth is ''this'' all about?” That is the {{{{{1}}}|Preamble}}. There is not much to see but, casually, it calls the reader’s attention to things that will later become important — the proverbial rifle hanging above the fireplace that goes off in the third act.  That is where the similarities with Chekhov end, though: before long, it will go full Dostoyevsky on us.


The ISDA’s {{ {{{1}}}|Preamble}} is just the loosener before things get going. There is not a lot to see, but it casually calls the reader’s attention to things that will later become important — the proverbial rifle hanging above the fireplace that goes off in the third act. That is, however, where the similarities with Chekhov end. Before long, it will go full Dostoyevsky on us.  
The {{isdama}} is the basic framework that applies to anyone who touches down on planet [[ISDA]]. The preamble tells us about its tri-partite form: the '''Pre-printed Master''', a '''{{{{{1}}}|Schedule}}''' of elections and amendments, and '''{{{{{1}}}|Confirmation}}s''' setting out the terms of '''{{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}s'''.


The {{isdama}} is the basic framework that applies to anyone who touches down on planet [[ISDA]]. The preamble tells us about its tri-partite form: the '''Pre-printed Master''', a '''{{{{{1}}}|Schedule}}''' of elections and amendments, '''{{{{{1}}}|Confirmation}}s''' setting out the terms of '''{{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}s''' and — well, ''this'' is controversial: for is it, or is it not, part of the {{isdama}} proper? — a '''[[Credit Support Annex]]'''.
====ISDAs, Ancient and Modern====
{{drop|T|here are two}} versions of the ISDA still widely in use — the [[2002 ISDA Master Agreement]] and the [[1992 ISDA Master Agreement|ISDA Master Agreement (Multicurrency — Cross Border)]] which is known to all who love her as the [[1992 ISDA Master Agreement]]. These we call the “[[Modern ISDAs]].  
 
There are two more or less fully retired versions: the [[1987 ISDA Interest Rate and Currency Exchange Agreement|ISDA Interest Rate and Currency Exchange Agreement]] of 1987 (the [[1987 ISDA Interest Rate and Currency Exchange Agreement|1987 ISDA]]) and the [[1985 ISDA Code of Standard Wording, Assumptions and Provisions for Swaps|ISDA Code of Standard Wording, Assumptions and Provisions for Swaps]] of 1985 (let’s call this the [[1985 ISDA Code of Standard Wording, Assumptions and Provisions for Swaps|1985 Code]], though few people have ever even seen one). These we call the [[Ancient ISDAs]].


====ISDAs, Ancient and Modern====
There is one, the [[2008 ISDA Master Agreement|2008 ISDA Decentralised Automomous Organisation-as-an-Agreement]] that died tragically during conception and never made it to the market but yet exists as an apocryphal testament to the enduring, wishful optimism of derivatives lawyers the world over.<ref>There was, of course, no such thing as the [[The Atlantis Variation|2008 ISDA]]. It is a plotline from [[Hunter Barkley]]’s [[Finance fiction|finance fiction]] potboiler [[The Atlantis Variation|''The Atlantis Variation'']].</ref> We call this the “[[The Atlantis Variation|Atlantis Variation]]”.
{{drop|T|here are two}} versions still conceivably in use — the {{2002ma}} and the {{1992ma}}, which we call the [[Modern ISDAs]]”; two more or less fully retired versions, the {{1987ma}} and the {{1985ma}} which we call the “[[Ancient ISDAs]]”, and one, the {{2008ma}}, that died during the act of conception and never made it to the market but exists as an apocryphal testament to the enduring, wishful optimism of derivatives lawyers the world over.<ref>No, there is no such thing as a {{2008ma}}.</ref> We call the “[[The Atlantis Variation|Atlantis Variation]]”.


====={{2002ma}}=====
====={{2002ma}}=====
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====={{2008ma}} — “Atlantis”=====
====={{2008ma}} — “Atlantis”=====
The [[2008 ISDA Decentralised Automomous Organisation-as-an-Agreement]] — a “this-fixes-everything, [[Blockchain|on-chain]], [[Smart contract|smart]], [[artificially intelligent]]” was introduced during, and tragically destroyed by, the [[Global Financial Crisis]].  
The [[2008 ISDA Decentralised Autonomous Organisation-as-an-Agreement]] — a “this-fixes-everything, [[Blockchain|on-chain]], [[Smart contract|smart]], [[artificially intelligent]]” was introduced during, and tragically destroyed by, the [[Global Financial Crisis]].
 
Oh, all right there ''isn’t'' a {{2008ma}}. Never was. This one ''is'' a  running [[JC]] in-joke. Talking to yourself might not be the first sign of madness, but having ''in-jokes'' with yourself might be. From the blurb to [[Hunter Barkley]]’s 2026 novel [[The Atlantis Variation|''The Atlantis Variation'']]: <blockquote>… the [[2008 ISDA Master Agreement|2008 ISDA]] would be a definitive, final, [[Flawed asset|flawless]] self-aware edition of the [[ISDA Master Agreement]]. Short, plainly worded, future-proofed and agile, it would allow counterparties to agree robust trading terms with little fuss and only the cursory clerical management delivered through unskilled personnel in low-cost jurisdictions and, eventually, [[Chatbot|chatbots]].
 
It promised to be the long-lost missing [[Obsolescence|use-case]] for [[distributed ledger technology]], natively negotiated “[[Blockchain|on-chain]]” between arrays of dematerialised [[Large language model|large language models]] housed, for the sense of theatre, [[Proverbial school-leaver from Bucharest|in a single giant data centre in the outskirts of Bucharest]].
 
Had it been implemented, the Atlantis would have addressed the financial, infrastructural and regulatory challenges which would dog the financial derivatives market in the early 21st century, eventually bringing to the brink of an abyss the rolling countryside of [[Aïessdiyé|''Aïessdiyé'']], a verdant wetlands in whose folded hills, nooks and crannies peaceable, hobbity little [[First Men|swapsfolk]] had for generations made their comfortable burrows.
 
While they romped wealthily about their sun-drenched meadows, the ’08 would silently, effectively consolidate all documentation across a wide range of products and asset classes ([[Including but not limited to|including, but not limited to]], [[repo]], [[stock lending]], [[prime brokerage]], [[exchange traded derivatives]], [[commodities]] and [[emissions]]), finally moving the financial world into a stable [[Utopia|utopian state]] in which all risks are known, all eventualities experienced and contingencies accounted for. ''[[Risk]]'' would finally be banished for ever.


Oh, all right there ''isn’t'' a {{2008ma}}. Never was. This one ''is'' a  running [[JC]] in-joke. Talking to yourself might not be the first sign of madness, but having ''in-jokes'' with yourself might be. One day JC will write a novel about it. Swear to God.
That was the theory: the reality was infinitely darker.</blockquote>


====Schedule====
====Schedule====
All usable versions of the {{isdama}} have a Schedule with a semi-rigid structure. The first four parts contemplate making certain elections and representations, agreeing what financial disclosure each party should make and to whom, specifying names, addresses, contact details, agents, friends and relations, the last part is the “any other business” where your credit team can gild the lily and you can set out agreed amendments to the pre-printed form.  
All usable versions of the {{isdama}} have a {{{{{1}}}|Schedule}} with a semi-rigid structure:
 
{{{{{1}}}|Part 1}}: '''{{{{{1}}}|Termination Provisions}}''' <br>
{{{{{1}}}|Part 2}}: '''{{{{{1}}}|Tax Representations}}''' <br>
{{{{{1}}}|Part 3}}: '''{{{{{1}}}|Documents for Delivery}}''' <br>
{{{{{1}}}|Part 4}}: '''{{{{{1}}}|Miscellaneous (Schedule)}}''' <br>
{{{{{1}}}|Part 5}}: '''{{{{{1}}}|Other Provisions}}''' <br>
 
The first four parts of the Schedule fine-tune various Events of Default and Termination Events, letting the parties make certain elections and representations, setting out their tax and financial disclosures and specifying names, addresses, contact details, agents, friends and relations and so on.
 
Part 5 is a free-form “any other business” where your credit team can indulge its fantasies, gild the lily and you can set out agreed amendments to the pre-printed form.


A quick word on etiquette: one would ''never'' inline amend an ISDA Master Agreement — mostly they pass around the market in .pdf form, so you couldn’t anyway, but even if you could it would be unspeakably bad form to try — if you do want to make amendments to the legal or economic terms you put them in the Schedule. There are prudent [[legal design]] reasons for this, though over the years the amount of freestyle “Part 5” amendment has grown to the point where the Schedule is often longer than the Master Agreement proper. Much of this is quite unnecessary and, for lovers of clarity and documentary elegance, a cause for great regret.
A quick word on etiquette: one would ''never'' inline amend an ISDA Master Agreement — mostly they pass around the market in .pdf form, so you couldn’t anyway, but even if you could it would be unspeakably bad form to try — if you do want to make amendments to the legal or economic terms you put them in the Schedule. There are prudent [[legal design]] reasons for this, though over the years the amount of freestyle “Part 5” amendment has grown to the point where the Schedule is often longer than the Master Agreement proper.  
 
Much of this is quite unnecessary and, for lovers of clarity and documentary elegance, a cause for great regret.
 
====Transactions ====
Because the range of things you could conceivably write a swap about is unlimited, and having only ten fingers and toes, [[Jolly Contrarian|JC]] will have less to say about “Transactions” generally — except for [[Equity Derivatives]], because they tend to be generic, [[delta-one]] and they are popular in the [[equity prime brokerage]] world, which is JC’s old stamping ground.


====Transactions====
Because the range of things you could conceivably write a swap about is literally unlimited, and having only ten fingers and toes, JC will have less to say about “Transactions” generally — except for [[Equity Derivatives]], because they tend to be generic, [[delta-one]] and they are popular in the equity prime brokerage world, which is JC’s old stamping ground.
====The I.S.D.A.====
====The I.S.D.A.====
ISDA, which publishes the ISDA, ''was'' the “International Swap Dealers Association''s'', Inc.” — interesting plural, that — but in any case, outwardly a ''[[sell-side]]'' industry association.
{{drop|I|SDA, which publishes}} the ISDA, ''was'' the “International Swap Dealers Association''s'', Inc.” — interesting plural, that — but in any case, outwardly a ''[[sell-side]]'' industry association.


[[Jolly Contrarian|JC]]’s extensive research<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22International+Swap+Dealers+Associations%22+plural Let me Google that for you]. I know, right.</ref> has not yielded an explanation for why ISDA ever considered itself a plural, and the chatbots he consulted all came up with absurd reasons like — and I kid you not — inclusivity, collectvity, and global representation: “using Associations”, speculated [[NiGEL]], “might have aimed to convey a broader representation of various swap dealers across the globe, even though it wasn’t a merger of multiple entities”. Perhaps, it continues, “founders anticipated incorporating other regions or types of swap dealers in the future, which never materialised”.
[[Jolly Contrarian|JC]]’s extensive research<ref>[https://www.google.com/search?q=%22International+Swap+Dealers+Associations%22+plural Let me Google that for you]. I know, right.</ref> has not yielded an explanation for why ISDA ever considered itself a plural, and the chatbots he consulted all came up with absurd reasons like — and I kid you not — inclusivity, collectivity, and global representation:  
{{quote|“using Associations”, speculated [[NiGEL]], “might have aimed to convey a broader representation of various swap dealers across the globe, even though it wasn’t a merger of multiple entities”. Perhaps, it continues, “founders anticipated incorporating other regions or types of swap dealers in the future, which never materialised”.}}


Perhaps. Or maybe it was a typo. Who knows?
Perhaps. Or maybe it was a typo. Who knows?


In any weather, in 1993, it rebranded itself as the “International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.”: singular, at the same time more unitary and ''more'' inclusive sounding, of buy-siders, but still in spirit the same old ISDA, stake-held predominantly by the largest [[swap dealer]]s on the face of the Earth.  
In any weather, in 1993, ISDA rebranded itself as the “International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc.”: singular, at the same time more unitary and sounding more inclusive of buy-siders, but still in spirit the same old ISDA, stake-held predominantly by the largest [[swap dealer]]s on the face of the Earth.
 
It may aspire to conquer the world — it encroaches on the commodities, carbon, securities financing and crypto domains — but for now, ISDA remains a “dealer-community” association, largely devoted to the swap.


ISDA may have aspirations to conquer the world — increasingly, it seems hell-bent on doing so, encroaching on the commodities, carbon, securities financing and crypto domains — but for now, ISDA remains a “dealer-community” association, largely devoted to the swap.
====Buy-side representation====
====Buy-side representation====
These days the “buy-side lobby” is bigger, more organised and better represented than it used to be, with the following associations representing its interests:
{{drop|T|hese days the}} “buy-side lobby” is bigger, more organised and better represented than it used to be, with the following associations representing its interests:


{{plainlink|https://www.aima.org|AIMA|}} (the Alternative Investment Management Association)<br> {{plainlink|https://www.efama.org|EFAMA|}} (the European Fund and Asset Management Association) <br>
{{plainlink|https://www.aima.org|AIMA|}} (the Alternative Investment Management Association)<br> {{plainlink|https://www.efama.org|EFAMA|}} (the European Fund and Asset Management Association) <br>
The {{plainlink|https://www.managedfunds.org|MFA|}} (the Managed Funds Association) and<br>
The {{plainlink|https://www.managedfunds.org|MFA|}} (the Managed Funds Association) and<br>
The {{plainlink|https://www.theia.org|AI||}} (the Investment Association).
The {{plainlink|https://www.theia.org|AI||}} (the Investment Association).
<references />