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 '''Key''': Every song has a “base tone” in the octave — the “key” — which the melody is based around. This is an anchor, and determines which notes sound nice and which do not. So, pick a key.  All of the scales and intervals above revolve around that key.<li>
 '''Modes''': Okay now it gets a bit ninja. The western interval is 2 - 2 - 1 - 2 - 2 - 2 - 1, but it is like one of those choose-your-own adventure books. You can make any of the seven notes your key. Depending on where you start you get a different ''flavour'' of Western music. They have names which are needlessly arcane:
-{{L3}}
+{| class="wikitable"
-</ol><li>
+|-
-''Do re me'' is a tune set to the major scale, the main musical scale of Western music. <li>
+! rowspan = "2" | Mode !! rowspan = "2" | Mood !! colspan= "12" | Semitones
+|-
+! 01 !! 02 !! 03 !! 04 !! 05 !! 06 !! 07 !! 08 !! 09 !! 10 !! 11 !! 12
+|-
+| Ionian || Major: happy. || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}}
+|-
+| Dorian || Jazz. Avoid. || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} ||
+|-
+| Phrygian || Jazz. Avoid. || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} ||
+|-
+| Lydian || Jazz. Avoid. || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}}
+|-
+| Mixolydian || Blues. || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} ||
+|-
+| Aeolian || Minor: sad. || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} ||
+|-
+| Locrian || Jazz. Avoid. || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} || || {{bg|green}} ||
+|}
+A lot of this is jazzy nonsense, but there is something really interesting: The Ionian mode is the happy one. Doe a deer, and so on. But the Aeolian mode — the exact same sequence of intervals, only starting in a different place, sounds really ''sad''. It is the minor key.
+{{L4}}
+''Do re me'' is a tune set in the Ionian mode.  <li>
 '''Why do re me'''? Eleventh-century Italian Guido of Arezzo invented a notational system after the first syllable of each line of the Latin “{{plainlink|https://open.spotify.com/track/1sXoq787SP50CH0ee5Zvxr?|Hymn to St. John the Baptist}}”, each of which started on a successive note of the major scale. A seventh tone, ''ti'' was added later. The eighth note of the “octave” is the first one repeated up one level (which, er, “brings us back to doh”.)</ol><li>
 '''Octaves and frequency''': To raise a note by an octave is double its frequency: at concert pitch, “middle A” (“A0”) is 440Hz. A1 is 880Hz, and so on.