Arbitration
The most prevalent alternative dispute resolution technique. In stead of going through the labyrinthine, complex and public process of normal litigation, parties can elect to resolve differences through private arbitration determined according to arbitral rules of a given arbitration body.
In practice far more often talked about with crazed hippy lecturers in tutorial groups in your final year in law school than ever really encountered in practice. Unless you're into employment, construction, or Russia.