Intention to create legal relations: Difference between revisions

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{{g}}But I never thought it would come to this....
{{a|contract|}}But I never thought it would come to this....


There is some debate on whether the [[intention to create legal relations]] is a separate ingredient in a legally binding contract, or really just an evaluative description of what all the other ingredients ([[offer]], [[acceptance]] and [[consideration]]) add up to.
There is some debate on whether the [[intention to create legal relations]] is a separate ingredient in a legally binding contract, or really just an evaluative description of what all the other ingredients ([[offer]], [[acceptance]] and [[consideration]]) add up to.


'''Express {{tag|contract}}s''': Their worshipful honours have held<ref>{{cite|Edwards|Skyways|1964|1WLR|349}}</ref> that in an “express” contract or an “ordinary commercial transaction”, the burden of proof is on she who alleges the ''absence'' of an intention (but really? if, in actually signing a legal agreement, you did not intend to create legal relations, then what on earth did you think you ''were'' doing?)  
'''Express {{tag|contract}}s''': Their worshipful honours have held<ref>{{cite|Edwards|Skyways|1964|1WLR|349}}</ref> that in an “express” contract or an “ordinary commercial transaction”, the burden of proof is on she who alleges the ''absence'' of an intention (but really? if, in actually signing a legal agreement, you did not ''intend'' to create legal relations, then what on earth did you think you ''were'' doing?)  


'''Implied contracts''': Where offer and acceptance of a contract can only be implied from conduct, then there are authorities<ref>{{cite1|The Aramis|1989|1Lloyd’sRep|213}}</ref> that the person alleging the contract has the burden of proof. But this seems to be no more than a burden of proving [[offer and acceptance]] in the first place.
'''Implied contracts''': Where [[offer]] and [[acceptance]] of a contract can only be implied from conduct, then there are authorities<ref>{{cite1|The Aramis|1989|1Lloyd’sRep|213}}</ref> that the person alleging the contract has the burden of proof. But this seems to be no more than a burden of proving [[offer and acceptance]] in the first place.


so while there is some judicial authority that the [[intention to create legal relations]] is a separate thing, but dammit, that legal authority, however [[Doctrine of precedent|binding]] it might be, is wrong.  
And a young [[Lord Denning|Mr Justice Denning]], off the record in the [[HighTrees]] case, thought that the intention to be bound by a [[promise]], whether or not accompanied by [[consideration]], might have some value, at least on a defensive tack, though it is hard to find support for that seemingly sacrilegious view.
 
So while there is some judicial authority that the [[intention to create legal relations]] is a separate thing, but dammit, that legal authority, however [[Doctrine of precedent|binding]] it might be, is wrong. In [[this commentator]]’s irrelevant, jaundiced view.


As the maxim has it, ''[[anus matronae parvae malas leges faciunt]]''.
As the maxim has it, ''[[anus matronae parvae malas leges faciunt]]''.


This is a [[Jolly contrarian|contrarian]] view, by the way. The clue is in the url.
This is a [[Jolly contrarian|contrarian]] view, by the way.  
 
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