Legal operations: Difference between revisions

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[[File:Twiki.png|450px|thumb|center|Inhouse legal of the future, yesterday.]]
[[File:Twiki.png|450px|thumb|center|Inhouse legal of the future, yesterday.]]}}{{d|Legal operations|/ˈliːgəl/ /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃənz/|n}}<br>Recursive rent-extraction ''from the consummate rentiers''.
}}A tremendous new wheeze for rent-seeking from [[legal eagle]]s. Legal operations is a [[second-order derivative]] [[Rent-seeker|military-parasitical complex]] that feeds off the direct, ''first''-order [[rent-seeking]] of those already in the legal profession who, shipwrecked on their sacred voyage from trainee to partnership, found themselves washed up on the shores of a deserted in-house legal department. It wasn’t deserted for very long! The history of [[Inhouse counsel|inhouse legal]] — how it went from “sleepy backwater for awkward, work-shy, typo nuts” to “military-forensic complex in need of taming by management consultancy” in twenty short years is interesting, by the way.
 
Legal operations is a [[second-order derivative]] [[Rent-seeker|military-parasitical complex]] that feeds off the direct, ''first''-order [[rent-seeking]] of those members of the legal profession who, shipwrecked on their sacred voyage from pupil to partner, found themselves washed up on the shores of a deserted in-house legal department.  
 
The history of [[Inhouse counsel|inhouse legal]] — how it went from “sleepy backwater for awkward, work-shy, typo nuts” to “military-forensic complex in need of taming with extreme prejudice by [[management consultancy]]” in twenty short years is interesting, by the way.
 
So let me tell you a story.


==The history of the [[in-house legal eagle|inhouse legal eagle]]==
==The history of the [[in-house legal eagle|inhouse legal eagle]]==
Once upon a time, there were big, clunking deals, and banks who did them would engage law-firms to do the “legals”.  
Once upon a time, there was hardly such a thing as an in-house legal department in a bank at all. There was one, but it was a sleepy area in the basement, rather like a personal library, populated by five damp introverts who would quietly prepare board minutes and maintain a register of charges. Their idea of a business trip was an excursion to companies house to file a [[Slavenburg]].


Each of these deals — [[Merger|mergers, acquisitions]], equity offerings, [[bond]] issues, syndicated [[Loan|loans]] — involved parties who weren’t well acquainted sending each other pots and pots of ''[[money]]'': not merely millions, but ''tens'' or even ''hundreds'' of millions. Every so often, ''billions''.   
To be sure, the banks did these big, clunking deals, and used lots of lawyers, but it engaged them directly, from law firms, when it needed them. 
 
Each of these transactions — [[Merger|mergers, acquisitions]], equity offerings, [[bond]] issues, syndicated [[Loan|loans]] — were a big, risky deal. They involved parties who weren’t well acquainted sending each other pots and pots of ''[[money]]'': not just millions, but ''tens'' or ''hundreds'' of millions. Every so often, ''billions''.   


So two rather obvious observations:  
So two rather obvious observations:  
*Firstly, if you are regularly funnelling hundreds of millions of dollars around the financial system, things quite easily can go wrong and, when they do, they go ''badly'' wrong. Just ask [[Citigroup v Brigade Capital Management|Citigroup]].
*''Firstly'', if you are regularly funnelling hundreds of millions of dollars around the financial system, things quite easily can go wrong and, when they do, they go ''badly'' wrong. (Just ask [[Citigroup v Brigade Capital Management|Citigroup]].)
*Secondly, a ''very small portion'' of “a couple of hundred million dollars”, when you look at it next to, say, your house, ''is still a very large sum of money'', even if you do charge out at £400 per hour.<ref>In 1990 pounds. The going rate at the time of writing, displaying a sustained immunity to gravity and the general principles of mean reversion, is more like £1,000. To give you some idea of the scale here, when the [[JC]] first stepped onto Southampton dock, from the slow-boat from the South Seas, the biggest deal he had ever worked on was about seven million Australian dollars. Within a year, he had worked on at least one deal where the legal bill was bigger than that.</ref>
*''Secondly'', a ''very small portion'' of “a couple of hundred million dollars”, when you look at it next to, say, a nice house in Surbiton, ''is still a very large sum of money''.
 
Therefore bankers, who themselves might collect as much as ''seven'' percent of the value of one of those big, clunking, multi-million dollar deals, would quite happily expend say ''one'' percent of that value on a decent firm of lawyers to make sure nothing went wrong.


Therefore bankers, who themselves might collect as much as ''seven'' percent of the value of one of those big, clunking, multi-million dollar deals, would quite happily expend say ''one'' percent of that value on a decent firm of lawyers to make sure nothing went wrong.  
Lawyers at these firms found you could name a preposterous hourly rate, and the banks would hardly blink.<ref>In the 1990s, £350 pounds was a preposterous hourly rate. The preposterity has not been tempwered with time: the going rate for a magic circle equity partner, at the time of writing, displays a sustained contempt for gravity and the general principles of mean reversion, and is more like £1,000. To give you some idea of the scale here, when the [[JC]] first stepped onto Southampton dock, from the slow-boat from the South Seas in the late 1990s, the biggest transaction he had ever worked on was about seven million Australian dollars. Within a year in London, he had worked on at least one deal where the ''legal bill'' was bigger than that.</ref>


After all, the lawyers usually wind up doing the hard yards: they must churn out thousands of pages of [[verbiage]]; they must run down every quixotic idea; they must accommodate every spurious consideration that the issuer’s finance director can confect; they will regularly work through the night to meet an artificial deadline imposed by an junior analyst who, when it was met, would ignore the draft for a couple of days before advising, without remorse, that he’d forgotten to mention that the deal had changed and this draft hadn’t been needed in the first place.   
After all, work needed to be done, and it was the lawyers who would usually do the hard yards, churning out thousands of pages of [[verbiage]], running down every quixotic idea, accommodating every spurious risk factor that the issuer’s finance director could confect. The lawyers regularly worked through the night to meet an artificial deadline imposed by an junior analyst who, when it was met, would ignore the proffered draft for a couple of days before advising, without remorse, that he’d forgotten to mention that the deal had changed the Thursday before, and the draft hadn’t been needed in the first place.   
====The rise of the [[Magic circle law firm|magic circle]]====
====The rise of the [[Magic circle law firm|magic circle]]====
So was born the [[Magic circle law firm|magic circle]], which has been with us since at least the time of the [[First Men]], and even before them to the primordial pagan era where the [[Children of the Forest]] roamed the [[Bretton Woods|Woods of Bretton]]. The business model was simple: it was a form of intellectual rope-a-dope. The game was this: we will turn heaven and earth to document whatever you require us to document, whenever you want it, with two considerations: firstly, our [[legal opinion]] will disavow any responsibility for any of the stupid things you made us put in the document, and secondly you will pay us handsomely, by the hour, without question, for doing so. Our end of the bargain is our blood, sweat, toil and tears  expended in the pursuit of whatever hare-brained intellectual contrivances catch your fancy. Yours is to pay us, through the nose, for the privilege. Since, in the context of a two-hundred million dollar deal, ''whatever'' we ask you to pay us will be a pittance, everyone wins.  
Forged of these fires was born the [[Magic circle law firm|magic circle]], which has been with us since at least the time of the [[First Men]], and even before them to the primordial pagan era where the [[Children of the Forest]] roamed the [[Bretton Woods|Woods of Bretton]]. The business model was simple: it was a form of intellectual rope-a-dope. The game was this: we will turn heaven and earth to document whatever you require us to document, whenever you want it, with two considerations: firstly, our [[legal opinion]] will disavow any responsibility for any of the stupid things you made us put in the document, and secondly you will pay us handsomely, by the hour, without question, for doing so. Our end of the bargain is our blood, sweat, toil and tears  expended in the pursuit of whatever hare-brained intellectual contrivances catch your fancy. Yours is to pay us, through the nose, for the privilege. Since, in the context of a two-hundred million dollar deal, ''whatever'' we ask you to pay us will be a pittance, everyone wins.  


For many years, this state of affairs was all fine and capital: everyone clipped their ticket, lived prettily and maintained nice homes in the stock-broker belt to and from which they commuted each day in late-model German cars.  It was the corporate end-clients who paid for it, after all, and since their executive teams were commuting from the same stock-broker belt, in the same sorts of cars, they weren’t any more bothered than anyone else.  
For many years, this state of affairs was all fine and capital: everyone clipped their ticket, lived prettily and maintained nice homes in the stock-broker belt to and from which they commuted each day in late-model German cars.  It was the corporate end-clients who paid for it, after all, and since their executive teams were commuting from the same stock-broker belt, in the same sorts of cars, they weren’t any more bothered than anyone else.