Tier 1 capital: Difference between revisions

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=== On creditors ranking behind equity-holders, feelings and so on. ===
=== On creditors ranking behind equity-holders, feelings and so on. ===
Even leaving titillating bank analyst punch-ups aside for a moment, the abstract conceptual question this throws out is a a belter: should creditors, however subordinated, ''ever'' rank ''behind'' shareholders?   
Even leaving titillating bank analyst punch-ups aside for a moment, the abstract conceptual question this throws out is a belter: should creditors, however subordinated, ''ever'' rank ''behind'' shareholders?   


Surely ''not''?  
Surely ''not''?  
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Everyone knows AT1s can get converted into equity, whereupon they rank equally with shareholders, and they may even be written off.  But there seemed to be the expectation that a write-off would only happen if common shareholders are getting written off too.   
Everyone knows AT1s can get converted into equity, whereupon they rank equally with shareholders, and they may even be written off.  But there seemed to be the expectation that a write-off would only happen if common shareholders are getting written off too.   


First, a little spoiler: ''effectively'' ranking behind shareholders and ''actually'' ranking behind shareholders may ''feel'' similar — especially if you have just been written down to zero while the shareholders live to see another day — but they are different. When an AT1 is written down, its creditors ''actually'' rank ''ahead'' of shareholders. It is just that they get zero.
First, a little spoiler: ''effectively'' ranking behind shareholders and ''actually'' ranking behind shareholders may ''feel'' similar — especially if you have just been written down to zero while the shareholders live to see another day — but they are different. When an AT1 is written down, its creditors’ claims  ''do'' rank ahead of shareholders. It is just that the ''value'' of their claim is a ''big fat [[donut]]''.


Another spoiler: this should not have come as a surprise. Issuers ''must'' have contemplated writing AT1s down while shareholders survived: otherwise, why even ''have'' write-down Notes? A write-down contingent on total shareholder annihilation is no different from a normal conversion to equity: you get what the shareholders get: zero. If that is the plan, just issue normal contingent convertible bonds. But these AT1s were ''not'' convertible. They were “Perpetual Tier-1 Contingent ''Write-Down'' Capital Notes”. Again, that name. Important.   
Another spoiler: this should not have come as a surprise. Issuers ''must'' have contemplated writing AT1s down while shareholders survived: otherwise, why even ''have'' them? A write-down Note contingent on total shareholder annihilation is the same as a normal conversion to equity: you get what the shareholders get: sweet Fanny Adams. If that is the plan, then just issue normal contingent convertible bonds.  
 
These AT1s were ''not'' normal convertible bonds. They were “Perpetual Tier-1 Contingent ''Write-Down'' Capital Notes”. Again, that name. Important.   


The whole point of writing down AT1s is to deliver a capital buffer and stave off an insolvency ''so the bank can carry on''.   
The whole point of writing down AT1s is to deliver a capital buffer and stave off an insolvency ''so the bank can carry on''.   
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=== Did the AT1s ''really'' do worse than common equity? ===
=== Did the AT1s ''really'' do worse than common equity? ===
But AT1 investors whose notes are written off still ''feel'' as if they are ''effectively'' ranking behind shareholders. This is their [[lived experience]]: they get nothing and shareholders get something.  
But AT1 investors whose notes are written off still ''feel'' as if they are ''effectively'' ranking behind shareholders. This is their [[lived experience]]: they get nothing and shareholders get something.  


But is that really true?  
But is that really true?