Nomological machine

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“It is a fixed (enough) arrangement of components, or factors, with stable (enough) capacities that in the right sort of stable (enough) environment will, with repeated operation, give rise to the kind of regular behavior that we represent in our scientific laws”

I think this is fancy way of saying it’s a model. So, for example take Newton’s second law of motion, which describes the relationship between an object's mass and the amount of force needed to accelerate it.

This is stated as F=ma which means the force (F) acting on an object is equal to the mass (m) of an object times its acceleration (a).

This is an immutable law of physics which holds in all non-relativistic, non-quantum scales. But the conditions in which it operates — zero friction, perfect elasticity, non-intertial frame of reference — circumstances which never exist in real life. So a rolling ball with no force acting upon it will eventually stop. A crisp packet blowing across St. Mark’s square still does obey Newton’s laws of motion, but good luck calculating its trajectory using them.

See also

• Policy
• Root cause analysis