Template:M summ 1995 CSA 9(b)

“Good faith and commercially reasonable manner” as a general standard

Whether a merchant should commit himself to dealing in good faith, or in a commercially reasonable manner, or both, is one that vexes many of our learned friends. Especially those in America. The only discomfort it should occasion is to a solicitor’s livelihood, for this magic expression, while doing no more than articulating the commercial imperative and the basic commercial outlook of a good egg, puts many a tedious negotiation to the sword.

Everyone benefits but officers of Her Majesty's — or (cough) the People’s — courts.

“In good faith and a commercially reasonable manner” cuts the crap and promises to unlock some negotiations and take the tedious line-by-line muck-raking out of others.

There is a certain kind of legal negotiator apt to see phantoms and ghosts at every turn. He has a bleak vision indeed of a counterparty’s general commercial aspirations for his organisation.

“What if,” he will say, “your traders mendaciously use this clause to bring about my firm’s misfortune in a way I – er – cannot now anticipate?” (This fellow’s imagination tend to be fantastical in the abstract, but rather prosaic in the particular).

Such a chap is often placated by the magical expression “acting in good faith and a commercially reasonable manner”. It may help persuade him across that wobbly bridge to consensus. Many a time it has helped the JC get home in time for supper.

Litigation risk: The one argument against the general principle is that it is inherently vague and therefore a source of potential dispute in itself, even if we always exercise our rights reasonably and in good faith. But come now — it only presents litigation risk to clients who don’t trust you — and here you have bigger problems, frankly — or for those whom you don’t trust — also not without issues. Here, your problem is not the good faith obligation; it’s that you have a lousy client relationship. It hardly affects litigation risk in any case: An unhappy client will take action either way, and will argue a lack of good faith in any case.

A contract is a bond of trust. How would a merchant explain to his counterparty that he wished to reserve for himself the right to act in bad faith?

As for commercial reasonableness, and that objection I can already see you formulating that it admits shades of doubt, and encourages litigation — well, for you the great case of Barclays v Unicredit should be a source of succour. And for you Americans, for whom Barclays v Unicredit is of persuasive value only, there is the fact that “in good faith and a commercially reasonable manner” is written into the Uniform Commercial Code should bend your ear: if it is okay there — and in the 2016 NY Law VM CSA — why not elsewhere?

In any case, whatever your contract says, if a court finds you have acted wantonly, or in bad faith, do not expect much sympathy when you argue that, by the contract, you were entitled to.