Market risk
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A word about credit risk mitigation
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Market risk
/ˈmɑːkɪt rɪsk/ ('.)
The risk that the financial product or underlier in which one has invested goes up, if you want it to go down, or down, if you want it to go up. Market risk is to be contrasted with credit risk: this is the risk that the counterparty with whom you have entered a transaction to take some market risk, cannot pay you the return your market risk has earned you, because it is broke.
Market risk and credit risk, therefore, in many ways, pull in opposite directions. A fellow who is taking a bath from a market risk perspective won’t be too fussed if his counterparty fails (and given the flawed asset provisions of Section 2(a)(iii) might actually quite like that idea); a lady who is massively in-the-money will be horrified if her counterparty fails. Hence, initial margin and variation margin.