Collateral - Pledge GMSLA Provision

2018 Global Master Securities Lending Agreement (Pledge version)

A Jolly Contrarian owner’s manual™

5 in a Nutshell

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Original text

5 Collateral
5.1 Delivery of Collateral on commencement of Loan: Subject to the other provisions of this paragraph 5, Borrower undertakes to deliver Collateral to the relevant Secured Accounts so that in respect of each Loan the condition precedent specified in paragraph 3.2(b) is satisfied.
5.2 Deliveries through securities settlement systems generating automatic payments: Unless otherwise agreed between the Parties, where any Securities or Equivalent Securities are transferred through a book entry transfer or settlement system which automatically generates a payment or Delivery, or obligation to pay or deliver, against the transfer of such Securities, then such automatically generated payment, Delivery or obligation shall be treated as a payment or Delivery by the transferee to the transferor, and except to the extent that it is applied to discharge an obligation of the transferee to effect payment or Delivery, the Party so treated as receiving such payment or Delivery shall cause to be made to the other Party for value the same day either, where such transfer is a payment, an irrevocable payment in the amount of such transfer or, where such transfer is a Delivery, an irrevocable Delivery of Securities (or other property, as the case may be) Equivalent to such property.
5.3 Marking to Market of Collateral during the currency of a Loan: Unless otherwise agreed between the Parties:

(a) the aggregate Market Value of the Posted Collateral in respect of all outstanding Loans and, as of the relevant Settlement Date or any earlier time agreed between the Parties for the Delivery of Collateral with respect to any Unsettled Loans, such Unsettled Loans, shall equal the aggregate of:
(i) the Market Values of Securities Equivalent to the Loaned Securities; plus
(ii) all amounts (if any) due and payable by Borrower under this Agreement but which are unpaid; plus
(iii) if agreed between the Parties and if the Income Record Date has occurred in respect of any Securities Equivalent to Loaned Securities, the amount or Market Value of Income payable in respect of such Equivalent Securities in respect of such Loans; plus
(iv) if agreed between the Parties, any amounts which have accrued pursuant to paragraph 7
(the Required Collateral Value);
(b) if on any Business Day the aggregate Market Value of the Posted Collateral exceeds the Required Collateral Value applicable on that day, Lender shall in the manner provided by the Control Agreement instruct Custodian to transfer to Borrower from the relevant Secured Account by Close of Business on the relevant Business Day Posted Collateral having a Market Value at the date of transfer as close as practicable to (but not exceeding) the amount of the excess;
(c) if on any Business Day the aggregate Market Value of the Posted Collateral falls below the Required Collateral Value applicable on that day, Borrower shall in the manner provided by the Control Agreement deliver and, in the case of Cash Collateral, transfer into the relevant Secured Account by Close of Business on the relevant Business Day, such further Collateral having a Market Value as at the date of transfer as close as practicable to (but not less than) the amount of the deficiency; and
(d) each Party agrees that any transfer of Collateral into or out of the Secured Accounts will be effected only in accordance with the Control Agreement.

5.4 Instructions relating to the Required Collateral Value and responsibility for the Custodian:

(a) Unless otherwise agreed, no later than the Notification Time on each Business Day:
(i) each Party will notify the other Party of its determination of the Required Collateral Value; and
(ii) each Party shall notify the Custodian in accordance with the terms of the Control Agreement of the Required Collateral Value so determined by it.
(b) Borrower will be liable for the acts or omissions of Custodian to the same extent that Borrower would be liable hereunder for its own acts or omissions and any such act or omission of Custodian will be deemed to be the act or omission of Borrower for purposes of Paragraph 10.1. Lender will not be liable for the acts or omissions of Custodian.
(c) Any obligation of Lender to instruct Custodian to transfer Posted Collateral to Borrower will be deemed satisfied by Lender sending appropriate instructions to Custodian in accordance with the terms of the Control Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, Lender will bear no liability for any failure by Custodian to comply with such instructions and no failure by the Custodian to transfer Posted Collateral to Borrower under this Agreement will constitute an Event of Default with respect to Lender.
The Varieties of Stock Lending Experience
Subject 2010 GMSLA 2018 Pledge GMSLA 1995 OSLA
Applicability/Preamble 1 1 Preamble
Interpretation 2 2 1
Definitions 2.1 2.1 1
Loans of Securities 3 3 2
Delivery 4 4 3
Collateral 5 5 6
Distributions and Corporate Actions 6 6 4 (“Rights and Title”)
Rates for Loans and Collateral 7 7 4
Delivery of Equivalent Securities 8 8 7
Failure to Deliver 9 9 N/A
Events of Default 10 10 12
Consequences of Events of Default 11 11 8 (“Set-off”)
Taxation 12 12 9
Lender's Warranties 13 13 10
Borrower's Warranties 14 14 11
Interest on Outstanding Payments 15 15 13
Termination of Agreement 16 16 15
Single Agreement 17 17 N/A
Severance 18 18 18
Specific Performance 19 19 19
Notices 20 20 20
Assignment 21 21 21
Non-Waiver 22 21 22
Governing Law and Jurisdiction 23 23 26
Time 24 24 24
Recording 25 25 25
Waiver of Immunity 26 26 N/A
Expenses N/A 27 N/A
Miscellaneous 27 28 N/A

Resources and Navigation

Navigation

2010 GMSLA 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · Schedule · Agency Annex · Addendum for Pooled Principal Agency Loans
2018 Pledge GMSLA 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · Schedule · Agency Annex

Stock Loan owner’s manuals: 2010 GMSLA · 2000 GMSLA · Pledge GMSLA · OSLA

Index: Click to expand:

Comparisons

Redlines

2010 ⇒ 2018: Redline of the 2010 GMSLA vs. the 2018 Pledge GMSLA: comparison (and in reverse)

Discussion

This is one of the main points of difference between the 2010 GMSLA and the 2018 Pledge GMSLA, largely because of the way Collateral is handled.

Basics

“Equivalent”

Equivalent” is a term of legal art, with a very precise and exact meaning, often misunderstood even by specialists, and I commend to you JC’s page on the topic. It does not mean just a similar, and it does not mean the exact self-same instrument, with the same certificate number, that you were originally given. It means an instrument having the same ISIN.

Of course, in our dematerialised digital world, there is no certificate-by-certificate distinction to be drawn any longer: securities are electronic impulses, no more separable from one another than are gas molecules in a pipe. One instrument from a given ISIN is indistinguishable from any other, so the practical purpose of defining “equivalence” is somewhat moot.

But accountants, who consider the “true sale” of something to be a meaningful concept when compiling books, records and balance sheets still insist on the distinction, so make it we still must.

In the 2010 GMSLA, “equivalent” applies to both Loaned Securities and Collateral, but only to Loaned Securities in the 2018 Pledge GMSLA. Since the Collateral in a 2018 Pledge GMSLA is pledged and cannot be rehypothecated no question arises of any equivalent: you are getting the self-same thing back.

On the merit of a well-deployed adjective

Techy drafting aside: Now here’s a funny thing. In the 2000 GMSLA, there were four defined terms relating to the Securities and Collateral that pass between the parties to a stock loan, all of them nouns: Securities, Collateral, Equivalent Securities and Equivalent Collateral.

But under the 2010 GMSLA, there are just three; two shorter nouns and an adjective: Securities, Collateral, and Equivalent.

This means you can move from the utterly tiring “Securities, Collateral, Equivalent Securities or Equivalent Collateral” which is fire-hosed throughout the 2000 GMSLA to the less offensive “Securities, Collateral or their Equivalents” in the 2010 GMSLA. Well, you could have, but the drafters didn’t.

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See also

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References