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{{def|Breakage costs|/ˈbreɪkɪdʒ kɒsts/|n|}}
===[[Loan]]s===
1. (''[[Loan]]s'') The opportunity cost to a [[lender]] of a [[borrower]] repaying a [[loan]] before its stated [[maturity]], arising because the [[lender]] must [[unwind]] its [[interest rate]] [[hedge]]s - usually the difference between the rate payable on the loan for the specified period and the overnight rate. The difference between the [[present value]] of the remaining loan repayments at their stated rate and their present value at the prevailing market rate — that is, the difference between [[present value]] of what I would get if we stuck with the original deal and you repaid the loan at term, and how much I could get if I lent that money out today, at today’s rate, for the period of the remaining term on the original loan.
[[Breakage costs]], or [[break costs]], on a [[loan]] are the opportunity cost to a [[lender]] of a borrower repaying a loan before scheduled maturity, meaning the [[lender]] must [[unwind]] its [[interest rate]] [[hedge]]s - usually the difference between the rate payable on the loan for the specified period and the overnight rate.
2. (''[[Swap]]s'') the net [[present value]] of the remaining cashflows on a [[swap]]. On the [[Trade Date - ISDA Provision|trade date]] those values must have been equal and on any other day [[swap break costs]] will generally be simply the uncollateralised [[mark-to-market]] value, or the [[replacement cost]], of the existing transaction. You could also reach that conclusion by going through the motions:
 
The difference between the [[present value]] of the remaining loan repayments at their stated rate and their present value at the prevailing market rate — that is, the difference between [[present value]] of what i would get if we stuck with the original deal and you repaid the loan at term, and how much i could get if I lent that money out today, at today’s rate, for the period of the remaining term on the original loan.
===[[Swap]]s===
[[Swap break costs]] are the equivalent for a [[swap]]. Since a {{t|swap}} has [[cash flow]]s running in both directions, the [[present value]] of which on the [[Trade Date - ISDA Provision|trade date]] must have been equal, the theory is therefore that any swap must have a [[mark-to-market]] value of ''zero'' on day 1, [[swap break costs]] will generally be simply the uncollateralised [[mark-to-market]] value, or the [[replacement cost]], of the existing transaction. You could reach that conclusion by going through the motions:
*If I terminated this [[swap]] today, what would its [[MTM]] be? This is the equivalent of “the [[present value]] of the remaining payments".
*If I terminated this [[swap]] today, what would its [[MTM]] be? This is the equivalent of “the [[present value]] of the remaining payments".
*If I traded a new [[swap]] at today’s prices, what would its [[MTM]] be? According to the theory of [[homo economicus]], this ought to be necessarily ''zero'' — any other value would mean I was entering into an off-market [[swap]].<ref>Note that upfront [[PV]] of fees — especially on exotic derivatives, [[CPPI]] and that sort of thing, might mean the MTM of a swap immediately drops to factor in that, whatever else the hell happens, the dealer will have its fee for the whole period, capisce?</ref>
*If I traded a new [[swap]] at today’s prices, what would its [[MTM]] be? According to the theory of [[homo economicus]], this ought to be necessarily ''zero'' — any other value would mean I was entering into an off-market [[swap]].<ref>Note that upfront [[PV]] of fees — especially on exotic derivatives, [[CPPI]] and that sort of thing, might mean the MTM of a swap immediately drops to factor in that, whatever else the hell happens, the dealer will have its fee for the whole period, capisce?</ref>

Revision as of 14:57, 14 December 2020

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Breakage costs /ˈbreɪkɪdʒ kɒsts/ (n.)
1. (Loans) The opportunity cost to a lender of a borrower repaying a loan before its stated maturity, arising because the lender must unwind its interest rate hedges - usually the difference between the rate payable on the loan for the specified period and the overnight rate. The difference between the present value of the remaining loan repayments at their stated rate and their present value at the prevailing market rate — that is, the difference between present value of what I would get if we stuck with the original deal and you repaid the loan at term, and how much I could get if I lent that money out today, at today’s rate, for the period of the remaining term on the original loan. 2. (Swaps) the net present value of the remaining cashflows on a swap. On the trade date those values must have been equal and on any other day swap break costs will generally be simply the uncollateralised mark-to-market value, or the replacement cost, of the existing transaction. You could also reach that conclusion by going through the motions:

  • If I terminated this swap today, what would its MTM be? This is the equivalent of “the present value of the remaining payments".
  • If I traded a new swap at today’s prices, what would its MTM be? According to the theory of homo economicus, this ought to be necessarily zero — any other value would mean I was entering into an off-market swap.[1]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Note that upfront PV of fees — especially on exotic derivatives, CPPI and that sort of thing, might mean the MTM of a swap immediately drops to factor in that, whatever else the hell happens, the dealer will have its fee for the whole period, capisce?
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