Template:Bankruptcy procedure

TL;DR

Here are all the stages you must go through between becoming entitled to terminate and settlement for a {{{{{1}}}|Failure to Pay or Deliver}}. Note something very important:

Because you have been exchanging VM, as of the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}}, the MTM of the collateralised portfolio of {{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}s should be more or less zero. A doughnut. Therefore, the final gain or loss that is secured by Posted Credit Support (IM) is a function of the change in portfolio value between the Early Termination Date and when you work out the Early Termination Amount. That is to say, you will not know who is owed money until the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Amount}} is determined.

Okay, so here goes:

• T: There must be a {{{{{1}}}|Bankruptcy}} {{{{{1}}}|Event of Default}} on a day, T.
• T: You must send a Section {{{{{1}}}|6(a)}} notice designating an {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}} for all outstanding {{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}s. It must be within 20 days. Let’s say it is the same day, for the hell of it
• T: You are “off risk” and must start calculating your {{{{{1}}}|Close-out Amount}}s for all outstanding {{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}s. You must do this as soon as reasonably practicable. Let’s say that takes another 30 days.
• T+30: having calculated all {{{{{1}}}|Close-out Amount}}s and totted them all up into a single {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Amount}}: You send your Section {{{{{1}}}|6(d)}} statement advising of that amount, giving bank details and supplying your workings.
• T+31: Your {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Amount}} is due.

In Full

So, to close out following a {{{{{1}}}|Bankruptcy}}, you will need:

1. There must be a {{{{{1}}}|Bankruptcy}} under Section {{{{{1}}}|5(a)(vii)}}

There are nine different types of bankruptcy under the ISDA. Most are formal, public events (regulator institutes bankruptcy proceedings, administrator appointed, etc — watch too for local regulator actions and bail ins specified in the ISDA Master Agreement if your counterparty is a bank) that the would be widely known about. Others are less public and might happen more quickly. The ones most likely to happen first are:

• becoming unable to pay debts as they fall due or admitting it in writing
• making a composition with creditors
• a secured party enforcing against substantially all assets (though “substantially all assets” is a high bar, and would not be likely to apply to a significant financial institution)

Unlike a {{{{{1}}}|Failure to Pay}}, you do not need to wait for the close of business, or any grace periods to expire. You may immediately send your notice designating an {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}}. So let’s do that:

2. Send a Section {{{{{1}}}|6(a)}} notice designating an {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}}

Once there is a live Bankruptcy Event, Section {{{{{1}}}|6(a)}} allows you, by not more than 20 days’ notice, to designate an {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}} for all outstanding {{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}s.

So, at some point in the next twenty days outstanding {{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}s will be at an end. Now this is a different thing from knowing what the amounts will be, much less knowing when they will be paid or who will owe them: this is the date by reference to which {{{{{1}}}|Termination Amount}}s will be calculated.

Usually, you will want to go “off risk” as quickly as possible, so the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}} will likely be the date you send your Section {{{{{1}}}|6(a)}} notice or soon after. The 20 days’ time limit on the notice period is a red herring.

3. Determine {{{{{1}}}|Close-out Amount}}s

Now, ascertain termination values for the {{{{{1}}}|Terminated Transaction}}s as of the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}} per the methodology set out in Section {{{{{1}}}|6(e)(i)}}. Section 6(c) reminds us for the avoidance of doubt that even if the {{{{{1}}}|Event of Default}} which triggers the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}} evaporates in the meantime — these things happen, okay? — yon Defaulting Party’s goose is still irretrievably cooked. The trading and risk people need to come up with {{{{{1}}}|Close-out Amount}}s for all outstanding {{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}s. Now note, even though you have designated an {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}} not more than 20 days from your Section {{{{{1}}}|6(a)}} notice, it may well take you a lot longer to close out your portfolio than that, and as long as you are acting in a commercially reasonable way, you can take longer. There is a longer essay about the meaningless of that 20-day time limit here. Once they have done that you are ready for your Section 6(e) notice.

4. Calculate and notify

The {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}} is the date on which the {{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}s terminate; it is the date by reference to which you calculate their termination values, not the date by which you have to have valued, much less settled outstanding amounts due as a result of their termination — that would be a logical impossibility for those not imbued with the power of foresight.

Here we move onto Section {{{{{1}}}|6(d)}}, under which, as soon as is practicable after the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}}, your boffins work out all the termination values for each {{{{{1}}}|Transaction}}, tot them up to arrive at the Section {{{{{1}}}|6(e)}} amount, and send a statement to the defaulting party, specifying the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Amount}} payable, the bank details, and reasonable details of calculations.

5. Pay your {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Amount}}

Your in-house metaphysicians having calculated your {{{{{1}}}|Close-out Amount}}s, and assembled all the values into an {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Amount}} the party who owes it must pay the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Amount}}. With ISDA’s crack drafting squad™’s yen for infinite particularity, this will depend on whether the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Date}} follows an {{{{{1}}}|Event of Default}} or a {{{{{1}}}|Termination Event}}. If the former, the {{{{{1}}}|Early Termination Amount}} is payable at once, as soon as the {{{{{1}}}|6(d)}} statement is deemed delivered; if a {{{{{1}}}|Termination Event}}, only two {{{{{1}}}|Local Business Day}}s — I know, right — after the {{{{{1}}}|6(d)}} statement is delivered (or, where there are two Affected Parties and both are delivering each other {{{{{1}}}|6(d)}} statements — I know, right — after both have done so).