Template:Branches and affiliates

Branch

If a company is a person, think of a branch like an arm or a leg.

A “branch” is a single office or presence of a larger legal entity. It does not have its own legal personality or creditworthiness — like an arm or a leg it is part of a greater whole.

A branch may just be a single premises of the company — the “Muswell Hill branch of Sainsbury’s”, for example — but in the world of high finance it is usually whole presence of that legal entity in a given city or country.

Affiliate

By contrast, a company’s affiliate is a related but separate legal entity. If a company is a person, its affiliate is its parent, child, or sibling. Parent affiliates are actually even called parents. Children are wholly-owned subsidiaries, ugly stepchildren are majority owned subsidiaries and siblings are known as companies “under common ownership”.

Affiliates may be consolidated from a financial reporting perspective, but generally (and unless it has specifically agreed to) an affiliate is not responsible for performing the obligations of its any of its affiliates, unless it agrees to do so by contract (such as a guarantee).

Examples

• Deutsche Bank AG, London Branch is a “branch”: a physical manifestation in London of the Deutsche Bank AG, an Aktiengesellschaft. It is nonetheless a whole, integrated part of Deutsche Bank AG with no independent personality or other standing. It can be called upon to perform any obligation owed by Deutsche Bank AG.
• “Goldman Sachs International”, on the other hand, is an unlimited liability company incorporated in England and Wales which is legally distinct from The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., and would not count as a “branch”.