For the avoidance of doubt: Difference between revisions

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{{a|g|[[File:Rene Descartes.jpg|450px|thumb|center|I ''think'' this is [[René Descartes]]. But ...]]}}{{quote|''And to this end they built themselves a stupendous super-computer which was so amazingly intelligent that even before its databanks had been connected up it had started from “[[I think, therefore I am]]” and got as far as deducing the existence of rice pudding and income tax before anyone managed to turn it off.''
{{a|g|{{image|Rene Descartes|jpg|I ''think'' this is [[René Descartes]]. But ...}}
:—Douglas Adams, {{hhgg}}}}
{{subtable|The [[JC]] likes to rush in, as you know, where fools fear to tread. So let us try to achieve what Descartes could not. If you cannot ''avoid'' it, at least put a ''name'' on it. So let us  — [[for the avoidance of doubt]] — thoroughly define what we ''mean'' by “[[doubt]]”:
 
A [[mediocre lawyer|solicitor]] — one licensed in the practice of semantic precision, after all — can scarcely indicate unconditional surrender to the demands of the English language more clearly than by using this abominable phrase. Even as a piece of English it is hideous: what kind of fiend [[Nominalisation|converts]] “avoid” into a [[noun]]? what kind of glass-half-empty misanthrope sets as his guiding objective the negative one of ''not being confusing''?
 
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The [[JC]] likes to rush in, as you know, where fools fear to tread. So let us try to achieve what Descartes could not. If you cannot ''avoid'' it, at least put a ''name'' on it. So let us  — [[for the avoidance of doubt]] — thoroughly define what we ''mean'' by “[[doubt]]”:
===The meaning of doubt===
===The meaning of doubt===
{{ftaod}}
{{ftaod}}
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}}}}{{quote|
Why not say, positively, “to be clear”? I’ll tell you why not: because that would be to concede that, until now, one has ''not'' been. “You had one job”, so the saying goes, and as an officer of Her Majesty’s courts, that job was to craft your prose in a way that ''didn’t contain doubt in the first place''. For what is the point of a {{tag|contract}} if not to clear up the confusion so readily left by the primordial grunts, nods and inarticulate mumblings of merchants as they interact with each other?
{{rice pudding and income tax}}}}
===Should a lawyer ever say these words?===
When one whose [[Legal eagle|livelihood]] attests to unusual semantic facility — uses the ugly expression “[[for the avoidance of doubt]]”, she surrenders without a shot to the demands of the English language. Even as a piece of English the phrase is hideous: who [[Nominalisation|converts]] “avoid” into a [[noun]]? What kind of glass-half-empty misanthrope sets as a guiding objective ''not being confusing''?
 
“You had one job”, so the saying goes: it is to express yourself in a way that ''doesn’t contain doubt in the first place''. For what is the point of a {{tag|contract}} if not to clear up the confusion left by the primordial grunts, nods and mumblings of interacting merchants?


This is how it usually plays — this is, honest to God, a real-life example:
Our plea falls upon deaf ears. We know this. This is how it usually plays — this is, honest to God, a real-life example:


:''The [[Chargor]] assigns and agrees to assign absolutely, [[subject to]] the [[proviso]] for re-assignment on redemption, all of its rights in respect of the Assigned Receivables, together with the benefit of any security granted to the [[Chargor]] thereof (and together in all cases, [[for the avoidance of doubt]], with the proceeds thereof).''
{{quote|''The [[chargor]] [[Assign|assigns]] and agrees to assign<ref>What, by the way, on earth was going though the mind of whoever confected that expression? “Assigns ''and agrees to assign'”'? Is this to distinguish from those who assign at gunpoint?</ref> absolutely, [[subject to]] the [[proviso]] for re-assignment on redemption, all of its rights in respect of the assigned receivables, together with the benefit of any security granted to the [[chargor]] thereof (and together in all cases, [[for the avoidance of doubt]], with the proceeds thereof).''}}


Do you feel reinvigorated with clarity and certainty, readers?
Do you feel reinvigorated with clarity, readers?


Speaking of God, it is a little known fact that Descartes’  epic metaphysical tract {{br|Discourse on the Method}} was a spirited attempt to define the expression ''[[for the avoidance of doubt]]''. Descartes started by asking, “what ''is'' doubt? Can we ever be sure that what we ''think'' is doubt, is, actually, ''doubt''? And if there is some doubt about that, how should we feel about it? Doubtful?”  
Speaking of God, it is a little known fact that [[Descartes]]’ metaphysical epic {{br|Discourse on the Method}} was a spirited attempt to define the expression ''[[for the avoidance of doubt]]''. He started by asking, “what ''is'' doubt? Can we ever be sure that what we ''think'' is doubt, is, actually, ''doubt''? And if there is some doubt about that, how should we feel about it? Doubtful?”  


Poor old Descartes never figured that out, but found himself — at least as a ''[[res cogitans|thinking thing]]'' — and he found God, too — well, he ''thought'' he did — along the way, so his day wasn’t totally wasted.
Poor old Descartes never figured that out, but found himself — at least as a ''[[res cogitans|thinking thing]]'' — and he found God, too — well, he ''thought'' he did — along the way, so his day wasn’t totally wasted.


Yet, ''what is doubt''? What is this existential flummery, that fogs our interior on even the sunniest day? Whence that numbing smoke that more thickly fills our mortal cockpit, day by day?  
Yet, ''what is doubt''? What is this existential flummery, that fogs our interior on even the sunniest day? Whence that numbing smoke, that more thickly fills our mortal cockpit, day by day?  
===Doubt avoidance as the job description===
===Doubt-avoidance as the job description===
One might make the case that the entire role of a commercial solicitor can be boiled down to “avoiding ''destructive'' doubt” that undermines commercial relationships. That’s the day job. Now there may be some nugatory regulatory cross-checking required, to be sure, but as [[regulation]] is typically designed not to be flakey or ambiguous — an ambition it does sometimes fall short of, I grant you — the job of advising on it ought not be the one that keeps home fires burning.
One might make the case that the entire role of a commercial solicitor can be boiled down to “avoiding ''destructive'' doubt” that undermines commercial relationships. That’s the day job. Now there may be some nugatory regulatory cross-checks required, to be sure, but as [[regulation]] is typically designed not to be flakey or ambiguous — an ambition it does sometimes fall short of, I grant you — the job of advising on it ought not be the one that keeps home fires burning.


{{doubt evasion}}
{{doubt evasion}}
===The case for doubt avoidance===
===Recursive doubt avoidance===
Now as you know readers, we like to argue the toss about every little thing, with every little person, and every so often the [[JC]] finds himself getting in an argument with himself. This is one such occasion. For, however, odious this expression is; however mealy-mouthed; however ''derogative'' of an attorney’s basic professional calling, “for the avoidance of doubt” does has a use, and a deliciously subversive one at that. For it is a dead man’s code: a trail of breadcrumbs; a final message to the hereafter from a tommy on the front. One day, years later, we might come across it and feel it pluck at our heartstring as if it were some last, mud-stained letter dispatched to a sweetheart back home, saying “don’t worry, my love, everything will be all right” the night before Private Eagle was sent over the top in a doomed final push.  
None of this will stop [[ninja]]-types on their crusade to exterminate doubt wherever they can find it. That elite force of lexical purists, {{icds}}, has in recent times begun ''nesting'' doubt-avoidance subroutines, presumably fearful that uncertainly might leech into a construction ''even during the process of driving it out''. <ref>For example, in the definition of {{euaprov|Settlement Disruption Event}} in the EU Emissions Allowance Annex.</ref>


How so? Well, cast your imagination forward five years. The client negotiation is a thing of the past; the documents, once executed were faxed, scanned, crushed, buried in peat, smudged, mislaid, sent by mistake to Colchester and eventually routed to their final resting place a document repository hosted on a server somewhere in Gdansk. The documents will not be required again unless a catastrophe occurs. When it does the documents will be retrieved (assuming someone can remember the login details) packaged up and sent to some poor legal eagle who will be required to analyse them at the double and advise, categorically and within an hour that the contract bequeaths the necessary rights to the risk team to plunge the handle on their detonator.
How to ensure such second-order neurosis does not rot your verbal superstructure from the inside out, like some kind of insidious rising damp? Fear not, the JC, as ever, has your back: add this in, like a doubt-course membrane:
 
Now parsing a legal text at any time is a fraught business. Things that ''look'' straightforward on normal daylight have a habit of rearing up like hellish stallions when the question is “can we actually use these rights?”


{{quote|“''For the avoidance of doubt, this paragraph is intended to, shall be [[deemed]] to and, [[notwithstanding anything to the contrary hereinbefore contained]] ''does'' avoid any and all doubt [[Any type, kind or variety|of any type, kind or variety]] provided that it shall not be deemed to, and shall accordingly not, amend, alter or affect the foregoing passage, which passage does not, for the avoidance of doubt and notwithstanding this present clarification as it may, [[from time to time]] be amended updated or clarified, introduce any doubt, (other than, for the avoidance of doubt, those previously-identified doubts as may have been conclusively eliminated by the doubt-avoiding effect of this present clarification)''.”}}
===The case for doubt avoidance===
{{for clarity}}
{{sa}}
{{sa}}
*{{tag|profound ontological uncertainty}}
*[[Doubt]]
*[[Certainty]]
{{ref}}
{{ref}}

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