Template:M intro design System redundancy: Difference between revisions

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To be sure, the importance of employees, and the value they add, is not constant. We all have flat days where we don’t achieve very much. AIn an operationalised workplace they pick up a penny a day on 99 days out of 100; if they save the firm £ on that 100th day, it is worth paying them 2 pennies a day every day even if, 99 days out of 100, you are making a loss.
To be sure, the importance of employees, and the value they add, is not constant. We all have flat days where we don’t achieve very much. AIn an operationalised workplace they pick up a penny a day on 99 days out of 100; if they save the firm £ on that 100th day, it is worth paying them 2 pennies a day every day even if, 99 days out of 100, you are making a loss.


===Fragility===
===Fragility and tight coupling===
Another thing about a lean system is that it is fragile. Super fragile, in fact as it has multiple critical failure points, any one of which will, in the best case, stop the whole of the system functioning, but in [[tightly-coupled]] [[complex system]]s may themselves trigger further component failure or a chain reaction.
The leaner a distributed system is, the more ''fragile'' it will be. Typically there will be several “single points of failure”, malfunction at which will, in the best case, stop the whole system functioning, and in [[tightly-coupled]] [[complex system]]s may trigger further component failures, and chain reactions.


A modern market is undoubtedly a complex system. It is boundaryless, comprised of interactions of an indeterminate number of autonomous actors, and many of those “actors” — notably corporations — themselves are complex systems comprising indeterminate autonomous actors). The question becomes how loosely connected are the parts? How much slack is there? Increasingly, none at all.  
A modern market is undoubtedly a complex system: it is boundaryless, comprised of interactions of an indeterminate number of autonomous actors, many of whom — notably corporations — themselves are complex systems comprising an indeterminate number of their own autonomous actors.  
 
System fragility depends up the tightness of that coupling between components. How much slack is there? Increasingly, none at all.  


When the JC started practice the standard means if conveyance of written communication was mail. [[Facsimile]] was the innovation: while exponentially quicker than the mail, the fax is still was manual and bounded by analogue processes such that the end product, like the starting product, was indelibly embedded in a physical substrate. You couldn’t forward a fax,<ref>Not at least without time , manual intervention and further loss of fidelity.</ref> much less cut and paste from one.
When the JC started practice the standard means if conveyance of written communication was mail. [[Facsimile]] was the innovation: while exponentially quicker than the mail, the fax is still was manual and bounded by analogue processes such that the end product, like the starting product, was indelibly embedded in a physical substrate. You couldn’t forward a fax,<ref>Not at least without time , manual intervention and further loss of fidelity.</ref> much less cut and paste from one.

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