Bitcoin is Venice: Difference between revisions

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For anyone who wants to hold forth on [[cryptocurrency]], for or against — and in financial services, that seems to be most people — this is an as good a foundational text as you could ask for. It does not pretend to be neutral: this is advocacy: the case ''for'' Bitcoin, put optimistically, and without barely a sideways glance at its many critics.  
For anyone who wants to hold forth on [[cryptocurrency]], for or against — and in financial services, that seems to be most people — this is an as good a foundational text as you could ask for. It does not pretend to be neutral: this is advocacy: the case ''for'' Bitcoin, put optimistically, and without barely a sideways glance at its many critics.  


There is no discussion of bitcoin’s relationship with terrorist financing and money laundering nor the widespread and pervasive fraud in the cryptocurrency sector. The authors might well say those issues are well canvassed elsewhere, and this is true, but to not mount any defence while claiming, explicitly, that “bitcoin fixes everything”, seems an oversight.  
There is therefore no discussion of bitcoin’s relationship with terrorist financing, vice or money laundering nor the pervasive fraud in the cryptocurrency sector.  
 
As far as [[Bitcoin]] is an ultra-libertarian project, the authors might say it is people, not cryptocurrencies, who finance terrorism — but to take that position to its extreme, why have ''any'' laws (ultra-libertarians would, of course, agree). They might also say that fiat currencies have hardly been much better, and that is certainly true. And nor are cryptocurrencies half as untraceable as would-be subversives would like. (As to this see Andy Greenberg’s excellent {{br|Tracers in the Dark}}.)
 
But for less ideological types, these are weak objections. To mount no better defence while claiming, explicitly, that “bitcoin fixes everything”, seems an oversight.  


''Everything''? Well, according to the authors, bitcoin does the following:
''Everything''? Well, according to the authors, bitcoin does the following:


* Resists and disincentivises violence
* Resists and disincentivises violence.
* Remediates our criminally oppressive, unsustainable and unjust social order
* Remediates our criminally oppressive, unsustainable and unjust social order.
* Cures the slow-motion collapse of “[[degenerate fiat capitalism]]”
* Cures the slow-motion collapse of “[[degenerate fiat capitalism]]”.
* Prevents markets degenerating into oligopolies
* Prevents markets degenerating into oligopolies.
* Optimises the transmission and clearing costs of energy generation
* Optimises the transmission and clearing costs of energy generation.
* Fixes the internet’s fundamental architecture  
* Fixes flaws in the internet’s fundamental architecture.
* Forces long-term over short-term thinking
* Rewards long-term over short-term thinking.
* Obviates regulatory incompetence
* Obviates regulatory incompetence.
This is wishful, to say the least, but Farrington seems to realise this, and offers it up as rhetorical flourish, somewhere between punctuation, irony and gallows humour.
 
This is wishful, to say the least, but the authors seem to realise this, and offers up “bitcoin fixes this” as a rhetorical flourish, somewhere between punctuation, irony and gallows humour.
 
==== Financial services as a paradigm, and critiques from without ====
==== Financial services as a paradigm, and critiques from without ====
{{Drop|L|ike any communal}} activity in which there are things to be gained and lost — i.e., ''any'' communal activity — “[[financial services]]” is what [[Thomas Kuhn]] called a “[[paradigm]]”:<ref>{{Br|The Structure of Scientific Revolutions}} (1962).</ref> a community intellectual structure which develops its own rules, language, hierarchies, defeat devices, articles of faith, and credentialisation process, usually encrusted in so much obscurant flummery that it is impossible for non-initiates to get near it without being swatted away on ground of ''detail'' — insufficient grasp of buried, esoteric intellectual constructs that only the truly learned can understand. And understanding is your ticket to the club.
{{Drop|L|ike any communal}} activity in which there are things to be gained and lost — that is, ''any'' communal activity — “[[financial services]]” is what [[Thomas Kuhn]] called a “[[paradigm]]”:<ref>{{Br|The Structure of Scientific Revolutions}} (1962).</ref> a community intellectual structure which has developed its own rules, language, hierarchies, defeat devices, articles of faith, and credentialisation process, all of which is encrusted in so much obscurant flummery that it is impossible for non-initiates to get near it without being swatted away on ground of ''detail'' — insufficient grasp of buried, esoteric intellectual constructs that only the learned can understand. And understanding is your ticket to the club.


This is an evolutionary design feature of any [[power structure]]. (I take it that “power structure”, “paradigm”, “research programme” and “intellectual construct” and maybe even “corporation” are synonyms describing any self-organising, bounded community of common but esoteric interests).  
Defensiveness about core tenets — systems and processes for keeping outsiders out — is an evolutionary design feature of any [[paradigm]].<ref>I take it that “power structure”, “paradigm”, “research programme” and “intellectual construct” and maybe even “corporation” are synonyms describing any self-organising, bounded community of common but esoteric interests. </ref>


Power structures are in equal parts benign and malign: without ''some'' commitment to the cause — some unconditional trust and faith in the wisdom of elders — no community consensus can take wing in the first place. But once it does, the higher it flies and the more it ''[[scale|scales]]'' — the more entrenched those elders become. The harder it is to assail them; the more there is for those with [[skin in the game]] to ''lose'' — the more ossified and moribund the research programme must become. We see this time and again, with [[Power structure|power structures]] of all kinds, but financial services and law in very specific particular.
Paradigms are in equal parts benign and malign: without ''some'' commitment to the cause — some trust and faith in the wisdom of elders and “[[positivism|what is laid down” — no community consensus can take root in the first place. But once it does, the deeper it goes and the more it ''[[scale|scales]]'' — the more entrenched those elders and deposited articles of faith become.  


A common complaint about Kuhn’s [[paradigm]] is its liminal vagueness: where does it start and stop? At what level of abstraction does it operate? How local is it? The best answer is that paradigms are sort of fractal — they operate at ''every'' level of abstraction. Just as an ecosystem is a complex metasystem of interacting subsystems and components so is a market however you define it a complex metasystem of inchoate, indeterminate, undescribable subsystems, all of whom interact with and react to each other. It is necessarily non-linear and, literally, ineffable, which is why no supervising power can tame or even predict it, and all those who try eventually fail.
The more those elders have to ''lose'' — the more [[skin in the game|skin they have in the game]] the more ossified and moribund the paradigm becomes. We see this time and again, with [[paradigm]]s of all kinds, but in financial services and law in particular.


So nebulous, but requiring of education, indoctrination, credentialisation, so that those who enter either get so close to the [[weeds]] as to be quite unable to see beyond them, let alone ''[[inclined]]'' to — those weeds being nourishing as they are, there is little incentive to ''look'' beyond them — or they won’t, in which case they never earn the intellectual credibility needed to be taken seriously by the elders within.  
A common complaint about the [[paradigm]] concept is its liminal vagueness: where does a paradigm start and stop? At what level of abstraction does it operate? How local is it? The best answer is that paradigms are sort of “fractal” — they operate at ''every'' level of abstraction. Just as an ecosystem is a complex metasystem of interacting subsystems and components, so is a market — however you define it — a complex metasystem of inchoate, indeterminate, undescribable subsystems, all of whom interact with and react to each other. It is necessarily unbounded, non-linear and, literally, [[ineffable]], which is why no supervising power can tame or even predict it, and all those who try eventually fail.


The very nebulousness means it is hard to tell how far you have made it into the program, and no-one tells you. This serves as its own incentive to lean in harder, of course. It is all part of the mantra.
So nebulous, but yet requiring education, indoctrination, credentialisation, so that those who enter either get so overwhelmed by [[weeds]] as to be unable, let alone ''[[inclined]]'', to see beyond them — as nourishing as they are, there is little incentive to ''look'' beyond the weeds — or they won’t, in which case they never earn the intellectual credibility needed to be taken seriously by the elders within.
 
The very nebulousness means it is hard to tell how far you have made it into the program, and no-one ever tells you. This serves as its own incentive to lean in harder, of course. Inventivising and rewarding true believers is all part of the self defense mechanism of a robust paradigm.<ref>Any permissionless cryptocurrency has its own set of reinforcement mechanisms rewarding “true believers”. It depends for its success on a class of believers — “hodlers” — who are prepared to exchange freshly mined currency for “real world value”: without this step no-one would be prepared to devote the necessary resources to mining in the first place. </ref>


But enough about my disappointing career.
But enough about my disappointing career.


This is also why “cross-paradigm” arguments are so joyless and draining. They are linguistic failures — translation errors. [[Richard Dawkins]]’ amassed arguments against organised religion might be ''scientifically'' immaculate, but science poses and answers different questions than does religion. The scientific method counts for naught beyond its magisterium. It is no more fruitful to criticise quidditch for its impossible aerodynamics.
This is also why “cross-paradigm” arguments are so joyless and draining. They are linguistic failures — translation errors. [[Richard Dawkins]]’ amassed arguments against organised religion might be ''scientifically'' immaculate, but religion poses different questions to the ones he answers.  
 
The scientific method counts for naught beyond its own “magisterium”. It is no more fruitful to criticise quidditch for its impossible aerodynamics.


The scientist who best understood this was Dawkins’s arch-nemesis, the late [[Stephen Jay Gould]].<ref>See Gould’s spirited attempt at reconciliation, {{Br|Rocks of Ages}}. </ref> ''There is no machine for judging poetry''.   
The scientist who best understood this was Dawkins’s arch-nemesis, the late [[Stephen Jay Gould]].<ref>See Gould’s spirited attempt at reconciliation, {{Br|Rocks of Ages}}. </ref> ''There is no machine for judging poetry''.   


It is, at some level, a Catch-22: paradigms endure because anyone with enough internal gravitas to bring change them has too much invested in keeping them together to casually pick them apart. Paradigms strengthen as, progressively, they prefer [[form over substance]], it being assumed that, over time, substance has been proven out by the paradigm’s very resilience — shades here of the [[elephant joke]] — and can be taken for granted.   
It is, at some level, a Catch-22: [[paradigm]]s endure because anyone with the internal gravitas to change them has too much invested in keeping them the same. Paradigms strengthen as, progressively, they prefer [[form over substance]], it being assumed that, over time, substance has been proven out by the paradigm’s very resilience — shades here of the [[elephant joke]] — and can be taken for granted.   


All that matters thereafter is [[Form|''form'']]. This is a circularity, but not a vicious one.  
All that matters thereafter is [[Form|''form'']]. This is a circularity, but not a vicious one.  
Paradigms can go into “crisis” and may collapse, but necessarily not from within. Some exterior impetus is required to change the landscape so the paradigm’s explanations — and its questions — are no longer satisfying. Kuhn’s book was about this revolutionary process. 


==== On paradigms in crisis and being punched in the mouth====
==== On paradigms in crisis and being punched in the mouth====

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