Applicability - GMSLA Provision: Difference between revisions

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Latest revision as of 14:25, 13 August 2024

GMSLA Anatomy™

A Jolly Contrarian owner’s manual™

1 in a Nutshell

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Original text


1. Applicability
1.1 From time to time the Parties acting through one or more Designated Offices may enter into transactions in which one party (Lender) will transfer to the other (Borrower) securities and financial instruments (Securities) against the transfer of Collateral (as defined in paragraph 2) with a simultaneous agreement by Borrower to transfer to Lender Securities equivalent to such Securities on a fixed date or on demand against the transfer to Borrower by Lender of assets equivalent to such Collateral.
1.2 Each such transaction shall be referred to in this Agreement as a Loan and shall be governed by the terms of this Agreement, including the supplemental terms and conditions contained in the Schedule and any Addenda or Annexes attached hereto, unless otherwise agreed in writing. In the event of any inconsistency between the provisions of an Addendum or Annex and this Agreement, the provisions of such Addendum or Annex shall prevail unless the Parties otherwise agree.

The Varieties of Stock Lending Experience
Subject 2010 GMSLA 2018
Pledge GMSLA
1995 OSLA
Applicability/Preamble 1 1 Preamble
Interpretation 2 2 1
Definitions 2.1 2.1 1
Loans of Securities 3 3 2
Delivery 4 4 3
Collateral 5 5 6
Distributions and Corporate Actions 6 6 4 (“Rights and Title”)
Rates for Loans and Collateral 7 7 4
Delivery of Equivalent Securities 8 8 7
Failure to Deliver 9 9 N/A
Events of Default 10 10 12
Consequences of Events of Default 11 11 8 (“Set-off”)
Taxation 12 12 9
Lender's Warranties 13 13 10
Borrower's Warranties 14 14 11
Interest on Outstanding Payments 15 15 13
Termination of Agreement 16 16 15
Single Agreement 17 17 N/A
Severance 18 18 18
Specific Performance 19 19 19
Notices 20 20 20
Assignment 21 21 21
Non-Waiver 22 21 22
Governing Law and Jurisdiction 23 23 26
Time 24 24 24
Recording 25 25 25
Waiver of Immunity 26 26 N/A
Expenses N/A 27 N/A
Miscellaneous 27 28 N/A

Resources and Navigation

Navigation

2010 GMSLA 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · Schedule · Agency Annex · Addendum for Pooled Principal Agency Loans
2018 Pledge GMSLA 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · Schedule · Agency Annex

Stock Loan owner’s manuals: 2010 GMSLA · 2000 GMSLA · Pledge GMSLA · OSLA

Index: Click to expand:

Comparisons

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Basics

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See also

Template:Gmsla 1 sa

References

2010 Global Master Securities Lending Agreement
A Jolly Contrarian owner’s manual™

Resources and navigation

2010 GMSLA: Full wikitext · Nutshell wikitext | GMLSA legal code | GMSLA Netting

Pledge GMSLA: Hard copy (ISLA) · Full wikitext · Nutshell wikitext |
1995 OSLA: OSLA wikitext | OSLA in a nutshell | GMSLA/PGMSLA/OSLA clause comparison table
From Our Friends On The Internet: Guide to equity finance | ISLA’s guide to securities lending for regulators and policy makers
Navigation
2010 GMSLA 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · Schedule · Agency Annex · Addendum for Pooled Principal Agency Loans
2018 Pledge GMSLA 1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10 · 11 · 12 · 13 · 14 · 15 · 16 · 17 · 18 · 19 · 20 · 21 · 22 · 23 · 24 · 25 · 26 · 27 · 28 · Schedule · Agency Annex

Stock Loan owner’s manuals: 2010 GMSLA · 2000 GMSLA · Pledge GMSLA · OSLA

Index: Click to expand:

Clause 1 in a Nutshell

Use at your own risk, campers!
1. Applicability

1.1 The Parties may enter into Loans through their Designated Offices where one (Lender) transfers securities and financial instruments (Securities) to the other (Borrower) against the transfer by the other of Collateral, with a simultaneous agreement by the Borrower to transfer Equivalent Securities back to Lender at a future date against the return of Equivalent Collateral.

1.2 Each Loan will be governed by this Agreement (and the Schedule, Addenda and Annexes). If there is any inconsistency between an Addendum or Annex and this Agreement, the former will prevail unless otherwise agreed.

Full text of Clause 1


1. Applicability
1.1 From time to time the Parties acting through one or more Designated Offices may enter into transactions in which one party (Lender) will transfer to the other (Borrower) securities and financial instruments (Securities) against the transfer of Collateral (as defined in paragraph 2) with a simultaneous agreement by Borrower to transfer to Lender Securities equivalent to such Securities on a fixed date or on demand against the transfer to Borrower by Lender of assets equivalent to such Collateral.

1.2 Each such transaction shall be referred to in this Agreement as a Loan and shall be governed by the terms of this Agreement, including the supplemental terms and conditions contained in the Schedule and any Addenda or Annexes attached hereto, unless otherwise agreed in writing. In the event of any inconsistency between the provisions of an Addendum or Annex and this Agreement, the provisions of such Addendum or Annex shall prevail unless the Parties otherwise agree.

Related agreements and comparisons

Related agreements: Click here for the same clause in the 2018 Pledge GMSLA
Related agreements: Click here for the same clause in the 1995 OSLA
Comparison: Click to compare the 2010 GMSLA and 2018 Pledge GMSLA versions of this clause.

Comparison: Template:Osladiff 1

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Content and comparisons

Sure, it is preliminary, preamble stuff, but this goes to the core of what is so structurally different — economically, they’re meant to be as near as dammit the same — about the 2018 Pledge GMSLA when compared with the 2010 GMSLA. The 2010 GMSLA is a two-way title transfer agreement, where credit risk mitigation functions by offset, leaving the person who has transferred the greater value of assets (usually, ironically, the Borrower) with residual credit exposure, for the difference, to the one who has transferred the lesser value — usually the Lender, as it will insist on being over-collateralised by way of initial margin.

The 2018 Pledge GMSLA, by contrast, is a conventional secured “Loan” where the Lender has credit exposure to the Borrower for the total value of the Loaned Securities, but this is collateralised by a pledge over Collateral to which the Borrower retains legal title.

The reference (in the pledge version only) to a Nominee, may be to recognise that the 2018 Pledge GMSLA is typically suitable only for agency lending arrangements, in which the principal Lenders to the Loans will be wealth-management clients and funds whose assets are managed by an agent lender, who in turn has put the whole business in the hands of a triparty agent, who will manage the collateral flows, pledges and all that good oil.

Though why they didn’t say “tri-party agent”, it is hard to say, since “nominee” has, in other custody contexts, a rather different meaning. And there is nothing to stop folks using a tri-party arrangement with a normal 2010 GMSLA either, for that matter, and it has routinely been done for as long as anyone can remember.

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Summary

Applicability

Note the “theory” of the stock loan transaction here, notwithstanding the term “Loan”: Like a Repo a GMSLA Loan works as simultaneous agreements to exchange Securities and Collateral by outright title transfer.

That is to say that (despite the GMSLA name) there isn’t a “loan leg” and a “collateral leg” as such: each repo/stock loan is as an outright sale against a future obligation to do the reverse. This is not how the market practitioners generally see it and lawyers of a more officious disposition — yes, such creatures do exist —will have to forcibly restrain themselves from correcting their clients at the end of every sentence [1].

Nonetheless, if a counterparty goes insolvent during a trade, the first part of the transaction is fully settled and the administrator is left with a single forward settling transaction under which it is entitled to receive, DVP, an asset against payment of cash or delivery of an asset.

The counterparty’s exposure is the net mark-to-market of that forward settling trade: where it is a Borrower its exposure is the haircut owed by the Lender back to it. Where it is a Lender the liability is the haircut you owe back the Borrower. More — much, much more on this topic where Pledge GMSLA is concerned.

This is helpful to the netting analysis, which therefore applies only between one stock loan transaction and another (and not within a single stock loan trade). The absence of a netting flag means you cannot offset positive MTMs where you are a Lender versus negative MTMs where you are a Borrower.

Note the effect that intraday margining has on this under Clause 5 of the 2010 GMSLA.

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General discussion

Designated Office

Just what significance a Designated Office has to a stock borrower or lender is never made clear in the 2010 GMSLA. It gets a mention in the first line of Clause 1.1 — encouraging, you would think — but then gets no further mention until it is defined, unenlighteningly, as you can see in the panel.

What are we to make of this? “The parties, acting through their Designated Offices, may enter into transactions ...” — that is a common or garden agreement to agree, folks — so is this meant to restrict the parties’ ability to act out of other offices?

Note in the more fulsomely-articulated[2] ISDA Master Agreement the “Multibranch Parties” concept involves the party giving representations as to recourse, and expressly prohibits parties changing their specified Offices during the life of a transaction without the other’s prior written consent.

Details fans will immediately note that, from the point of view of legal and corporate philosophy — a subject dear to every attorney’s heart — the differing offices or branches of a legal entity have no distinct legal personality, any more than does a one’s arm have different personality one’s her leg. So, being a “multibranch” party, or acting out of a designated office, makes no legal difference. If you’re bound, you’re bound.

the main risk of booking out of the wrong entity is a taxation risk.

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See also

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References

  1. And where they cannot, their clients will have to forcibly restrain themselves from lamping their lawyers.
  2. Some would say, “tiresomely”-articulated.